Steam-turbine.



" Patented Oct. 3, I899.

J.- C. HENDERSON.

STEAM TURBINE.

(Application filed Aug 31, 1897.)

3 Sheets-Sheet (NO Model.)

9 (D J liNVENTOR v WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY Mid/W 6 Patented Oct. 3, I899.

.1. c"; HENDERSON. STEAM TURBINE. (Application filed mg. 31, 1897.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3,

(No Modal.)

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UNl'lED STATES- PATENT JOHN C. HENDERSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 634,170, dated October 3, 1899. Application filed August 31, 1897. Serial No. 650,159. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN C. HENDERSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of NewYork and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to that class of rotary motors called turbines, and particularly to a class of reaction steam-turbines; and some of the objects of this invention are to provide a turbine having two or more stages for the compounding of the induction and eduction, thereby equalizing and distributing the initial impact over the entire apparatus and in the case of steam, gas, or compressed air taking advantage of the expansive'properties of the medium and lessening the loss in heating the walls of the apparatus. This consists fundamentally in the utilization of the induction impact with the reacting impact of eduction in addition to the expansive properties when operated by compressed air, gas, or steam. I preferably employ a number of U-shaped passages or ports gradually increasing in area from the high-pressure or induction end to the low-pressure or eduction end sunk, laid, or fitted in the rim or periphery of a pulley or piston, the two ends of the U -shaped passages appearing on the face of the pulley-rim as two plain openings, the U part or bend being embedded in the inside part of the rim nearer to the center of the pulley, the plane of the U forming an acute angle with the radial line of the pulley, the induction and eduction passages thus allow ing the utilization of the flow through one hundred and eighty degrees. On the outside and covering the face of the rim of the pulley, or piston, it may be called, are snug-fitting packed stationary shells or casings, the highpressure one fitting up to and overlapping the small openings of the U -passages and having an annular tube for the introduction of the medium all around, with one or more controlling-valves, the valves forming a connection between the annular tube in shell and the small'openings of the U-shaped passages on the pulley-rim as they pass when revolving,

the low-pressure shell or casing fitting snugly up to and overlapping the large ends of U- shaped ports or passages on the pulley-rim,

having an annular tube or space all around with openings, the ports equal in number and dimensions to the large openings of the U- shaped passages in the rim of the pulley or piston. At each of the openings to the ann ular space of the shell a vane or partition is fitted, so as to deflect or change the flow of the eduction medium as near to an angle of one hundred and eighty, degrees to the line of induction-flow as possible. The shells or stationary casings can be in one piece or separate and are preferably constructed with the annular space gradually increasing from the joint or packing ends to the connecting points of the induction and eduction mains.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists, substantially, in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved turbine, parts being broken away on lines a a and b b of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on line 1 1 of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are views of the vanes or guides. Fig. 5 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of the construction shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view of the packing and a portion of the shell and piston. Fig. '7 is a side elevation of a turbine having horizontal induction and eduction passages, and Figs. 8 and 9 are detail views of the vanes or guides.

Similar characters of reference designate like parts through the several views.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 thereof, the reference-numeral 1 designates'a turbine or rotary motor preferably provided with a base or bed plate of any preferred construction having uprights or standards of suitable form, in which is journaled a drive shaft 4, provided with means (not shown) for transmitting power from the shaft to the machinery to be driven, and keyed or otherwise secured upon the shaft 4: is a piston 5, having a hub 6, from which radiate any preferred number of spokes 7, carrying a wide heavy rim 8, provided with a series of ports or passages .9,

' preferably cast or planted in the face of the rim and extending from one side to the other in shape like a U or crescent and gradually increasing in area from the induction to the eduction side of the turbine, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, and the piston 5 is preferably formed of cast-iron or other suitable metal and constitutes the moving part of the .turbine.

The stationary part of the turbine consists of a shell or ring 10, of cast-steel or other suitable material, provided with two annular chambers or compartments 11 and 12, respectively, the former being the induction and the latter being the eduction chamber, and I preferably construct the ed notion-chamber larger than the induction-chamber and provide the induction-chamber with controlling-valves or similar devices 13, and within the eduction-chamber are formed or secured a series of vanes or curved guides 14. (Shown in Fig. 2.) The chambers are preferablyconstructed eccentrically, thus allowing for an increase of volume.

The shell 10 is preferably bored out or formed smaller than the rim of the piston 5, making a spring-fit to keep the faces of the parts tight, and the free ends of the shell 10 are provided with lugs 17 and 18, by means of which the ends are connected by a bolt or pin 19, and a suitable packing 20 is placed between the ends to produce a tight connection, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and the bolt 19 is preferably tapped in one of said lugs and is loose in the other, so as to insure proper tension to prevent leaking or binding.

The edges of the piston and shell are preferably formed, as shown at 21 in Figs. 2, 5, and 6, so that a V-shaped joint is formed, and a ring 22, of brass or gun-metal, is secured upon one side of the joint by means of a bolt or screw 23, which passes through a rubber ring 24 to break the joint and form atight connection, and, if desired, the ring 22 may be lined with Babbitt or other packing 25, as shown in Fig. 6. By means of this specific construction a perfectlytight joint is produced, which is most essential for ordinary purposes, but particularly so when a fluid, such as air or carbonic-acid gas, is employed under very high pressure,and it has been demonstrated by actual practice'that a joint of this construction produces the most satisfactory results with fiuid media under very high pressure.

another cutting pitch-line and other edges of vane or guide part on inside shrouding-line. Then from the point on pitch-line where the thirty degrees from radial line cut draw another line to point where radial line cuts outside line of shrouding. Then draw a second radial line from center of turbine or wheel cutting point on inside shrouding-line where the other edge of vane or guide is placed and being point also where the parallel line to the thirty-degree line also cuts the inside shroudside line of shrouding at the leaving or trailing edge of vanes opening from that point and at an angle of one hundred and twenty degrees or more to continuation of the radial line lay out a line cutting the pitch or shrouding, and from that point draw another line to point where radial line cuts inside line of shroudin g. From leading face of Vane-opening on shroudin g outside line draw a line parallel to the one-hundred-an'd-twenty-degree line until it also cuts pitch-line. Then from there to a joint one and one-half the width of the same opening on the outsideshroud-ingline, distant and ahead (in motion direction) from the point where radial line cuts the inside shrou'ding-line, draw the other line and round each apex out to suit.

I do not desire to confine myself to the specific construction, arran'gemenhand combination of parts herein described and shown, and I therefore reserve the right to make all such changes inand modifications of thesame as fairly come within the scope of my inventime.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is r 1. A turbine or motor provided witha cylin der having induction and eduction chambers and piston, the latter having gradually-increasing U -shaped passages constructed to permit the expansion of the actuating medium from one point to another upon the periphery of said piston.

2. A turbine ormotor provided with a cylinder having induction and eductio-n chambers and a piston having increasing U-shaped peripheral passages, constructed to receive the actuating medium from said induction-chamber and permit the expansion thereof in said passages and out into said eduction-ch-amb'er.

3. A turbine or motor provided with a cylinder having induction and eduction chambers with inlet-ports and dc fleeting-vanes and a piston carrying gradually-increasing peripheral passages constructed to receive the actuating medium from said ports and permit the same to expand in said passages and out against said vanes.

4. A turbine or motor provided with a cylinder having induction and eduction chambers concentric to each other and eccentric to the centerof the piston and a piston having gradually-increasing passages constructed to receive the actuating medium from said induction-chamber and permit the same to expand in said passages and out into said eductionchamber.

5. A turbine or motor provided with an an nular cylinder a piston revolubly mounted therein having gradually increasing U shaped passages constructed to permit the expansion of the actuating medium from the inlet to the outlet orifice of said passages, the abutting edges of said cylinder and piston being U -shaped and a V-shaped packing-ring constructed to inclose said edges.

6. A turbine or motor provided with a cylin- JOHN C. HENDERSON;

Witnesses:

JAMEs R. ROGERS, D. O. KELsEY.- 

